IRS Tax Debts

How the IRS Taxes Lawsuit Settlements

Published on: January 16, 2020 | by Enterprise Consultants Group

The purpose of most lawsuits is to make a plaintiff whole after an injury or other loss. Settling a lawsuit might bring the litigation to a close, but the plaintiff must still contend with the IRS. Luckily, taxation of lawsuit settlements is fairly straightforward once one understands a few principles that our Los Angeles tax advisors can explain.

Settling a Lawsuit vs. Winning a Verdict or Judgment

The IRS makes no distinction between a payment received due to a settlement and one that comes after a jury verdict or court order. In either case, a taxpayer receives compensation for one or more legal claims. We will use the term “settlement” for the sake of brevity, but the same principles apply to damage awards.

One advantage of a verdict or court order is that it is more likely to contain a breakdown of damages. Verdicts often specify the amounts awarded for different claims. This can help a plaintiff when they are preparing their taxes. For this reason, it is often advisable to include a written allocation of damages in a settlement agreement.

IRS Plans In-Person Visits to Enforce Unpaid Tax Bills

Published on: December 17, 2019 | by Enterprise Consultants Group

The IRS has many options for collecting unpaid taxes, but a limited budget means that the agency must prioritize its enforcement and collection efforts. For most taxpayers who are in arrears, penalties and interest accrue as the IRS sends notices by mail. Eventually, the IRS might place liens on a taxpayer’s property, and then execute a levy. This can be costly and time-consuming, and the agency would rather obtain unpaid taxes by other means. It recently announced that IRS revenue officers will be conducting in-person visits with delinquent taxpayers in several states. While this will not affect California taxpayers right away, that could change in the future. If you are behind in filing and/or paying taxes, you may want to speak with a California tax advisor about your situation.

IRS Debt Collection

Federal law gives the agency two main options for pursuing tax debt that has remained on the books for some time. These may apply to both individual taxpayers and businesses. The Taxpayer’s Bill of Rights (TBOR) applies in all cases.

Revenue Officers

The IRS describes revenue officers (ROs) as “civil enforcement employees” assigned to cases involving unpaid taxes or missing tax returns. A RO’s involvement in a case typically begins with another written notice sent by mail. The RO’s job, according to the IRS, is to help bring taxpayers into compliance, “not to make threats or demand some unusual form of payment for a nonexistent liability.”

Understanding IRS “Warning Letters” to Taxpayers

Published on: November 19, 2019 | by Enterprise Consultants Group

The IRS has estimated that U.S. taxpayers underpay their taxes by around $300 billion each year. Each taxpayer is responsible for calculating their own tax bill, but the IRS also uses other sources of information. It compares the information provided on taxpayer returns to that other information. If it finds a discrepancy, it sends a notice to the taxpayer. For years, the IRS used a form known as the CP2000 Notice, or the “Notice of Underreported Income.” The IRS recently began to use another form, the CP2057. Taxpayers should be aware of both notices, and our California tax advisors urge you to be aware of what you should do if you receive either one.

Warning Letters

Federal law gives the IRS extensive authority to collect unpaid taxes, but the process involves a lengthy series of notices. CP2000 and CP2057 are preliminary notices. They are not “bills,” in the sense that receiving one of these notices does not immediately trigger an obligation for the taxpayer to send money to the IRS. Instead, they are ways for the IRS to notify a taxpayer about discrepancies in their file, and to give them an opportunity to correct the information.

In order for the IRS to pursue a collection action against a taxpayer, they must send a formal notice and demand for payment, known as a CP501 Notice. This notice identifies a specific amount owed and gives a deadline for payment. If the taxpayer fails to pay by the deadline, or otherwise fails to respond to the notice, the IRS can file a tax lien. If the IRS intends to levy the taxpayer’s property, it must send a CP504 Notice.

Estate and Gift Tax Credits and Exemptions Mean that Most Estates Are Passed Down Tax-Free

Published on: October 18, 2019 | by Enterprise Consultants Group

The estate tax applies to property transferred by a will or other probate proceedings. Congress has set extensive limitations on who is obligated to pay estate tax. The most recent tax reform bill, enacted in 2017, more than doubled the size of estates that are excluded from estate tax liability. A handful of states have enacted their own taxes on estates or inheritances, but California is not among them. Even if a person does not expect their estate to be large enough to incur an estate tax liability, understanding how the tax works is an important part of estate planning.

What Is the Estate Tax?

The Internal Revenue Code (IRC) defines the estate tax as a tax on “the transfer of the taxable estate of every decedent who is” a U.S. citizen or resident. The executor of the estate is responsible for paying the tax.

The tax is calculated as a percentage of the value of the non-exempt part of an estate. Tax rates start at eighteen percent for values of $10,000 or less. For a value of more than $1 million, the amount of tax is $345,800 plus forty percent of the amount in excess of $1 million.

Report Finds that IRS Missed Billions of Dollars in Employment Taxes Left Unpaid

Published on: October 3, 2019 | by Enterprise Consultants Group

Businesses with employees have federal tax obligations besides income tax. The Internal Revenue Code (IRC) makes both employers and employees responsible for paying employment taxes, but the responsibility for transmitting those tax payments to the IRS belongs solely to the employer. If an employer fails to pay employment taxes or file an employment tax return, the IRC authorizes the government to create a return for the employer and assess the amount of tax due. The IRS has created a program that allows automated creation of missing returns, but the program is reportedly understaffed and lacking in other resources. A recent audit by the Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration (TIGTA) found that these deficiencies in the program caused the IRS to miss billions of dollars in employment tax assessments.

What Are Employment Taxes?

The Federal Insurance Contributions Act (FICA) requires both employees and employers to pay the following employment taxes:
– 6.2 percent of the employee’s wages for “old-age, survivors, and disability insurance,” also known as Social Security; and
– 1.45 percent of the employee’s wages for “hospital insurance,” or Medicare.
The Social Security Administration (SSA) sets a cap on the amount of earnings subject to the 6.2 percent Social Security tax. As of the end of 2018, the cap is set at $132,900. There is no cap on earnings subject to the 1.45 percent Medicare tax.

The Federal Unemployment Tax Act (FUTA) requires employers, but not employees, to pay an excise tax of 6.0 percent of each employee’s wages up to $7,000.
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California-Based Medical Cannabis Company Appeals U.S. Tax Court Ruling on Deductions

Published on: September 10, 2019 | by Enterprise Consultants Group

The federal Internal Revenue Code (IRC) allows taxpayers to deduct various business expenses from their income for the purposes of computing their total tax bill for a given year, with numerous exceptions. Section 280E of the IRC, for example, prohibits deduction of expenditures involved with “the illegal sale of drugs.” More than half of all U.S. states allow the medical use of marijuana to some extent, but it remains a Schedule I controlled substance under federal law. This is causing problems for businesses that are complying with state cannabis laws. In late 2018, the U.S. Tax Court ruled that a California medical marijuana company could not deduct millions of dollars in business expenditures. The company has announced that it intends to appeal this decision on business tax deductions.

IRC § 162 allows taxpayers to deduct all “ordinary and necessary expenses” that they pay or incur as part of their “trade or business,” subject to various exceptions scattered throughout the statute. The exception for the “illegal sale of drugs” applies to any substance included in Schedules I or II of the federal Controlled Substances Act (CSA), or similarly prohibited by the laws of the state in which the taxpayer does business. The CSA classifies marijuana (or “marihuana”) in Schedule I, which requires a finding that a drug has “no currently accepted medical use in treatment.”

California law takes a substantially different view of marijuana, as do the laws of at least thirty-one other states, the District of Columbia, and several U.S. territories. In 1996, California became the first state in the U.S. to allow the use of marijuana for medical purposes, after voters passed Proposition 215, also known as the Compassionate Use Act of 1996. A 2005 decision by the U.S. Supreme Court, Gonzales v. Raich, held that federal law may continue to criminalize marijuana production, distribution, and possession even when state laws allow those activities. Conflicts between federal and state marijuana laws are an ongoing matter of dispute.

Keeping Tax Records in Case of an Audit or Collections

Published on: August 18, 2019 | by Enterprise Consultants Group

Preparing a tax return can be a time-consuming process. It can also generate a considerable amount of paperwork. Even if you have gone “paperless,” tax records take up space on a computer or external drive that you might rather use for something fun, like family photos or video games. How long should a taxpayer keep tax records? The simple answer is that you should keep records until all applicable statutes of limitations have expired. As is so often the case, though, the simple answer only barely scratches the surface.

What Records Do You Need to Keep?

Almost any document that you used to prepare a tax return could prove to be important down the road. This could include:
– W-2’s, 1099’s, and other forms that show income;
– Receipts, mileage logs, and other documents that show deductions;
– Documents that support any tax credits that you claimed;
– Financial statements for any businesses that you own or operate; and
– Any other documents that support information included in your tax return.

Statute of Limitations for Audits

As a general rule, the IRS has three years from the due date of a particular tax return to audit it. Many exceptions apply, of course. Some are based on the taxpayer’s own alleged conduct, while others are based on the type of information involved.
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Although IRS Audit Rates Are Dropping, New Tax Laws Are Creating New Audit Risks

Published on: July 31, 2019 | by Enterprise Consultants Group

The overall percentage of federal income tax returns audited by the IRS has been decreasing over the past several years. This is at least partly due to budget cuts, which leave the IRS with fewer resources to conduct audits. People with particularly high incomes have reportedly seen a steeper decline in audit rates than other people, but they still get audited at a higher rate than the general U.S. population.

The apparent decline in IRS audits is definitely not cause to be less careful with one’s taxes, especially for high-income individuals. The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) of 2017 led to significant tax cuts for many people with high incomes, but it also created opportunities for tax write-offs that are likely to catch the IRS’s attention. It may take the IRS a few years to catch up to some of these new opportunities, but they almost certainly will.

Decline in Audit Rates

In 2017, the IRS audited one out of every 160 tax returns that were filed. This was the sixth year of decline in the total number of audits, and the lowest number in fifteen years. The audit rate for individuals with annual earnings of $1 million or more was higher than the rate for the general population, at more than four percent in 2017. That same group, however, was audited at a rate of almost ten percent in 2015. This is also the lowest rate since the early ‘00s.
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What to Do If You Failed to File Your Personal Taxes on Time

Published on: July 24, 2019 | by Enterprise Consultants Group

Nearly every adult in the U.S. must file an annual federal income tax return with the IRS that discloses their income, identifies tax deductions and credits, and states the amount of tax that is owed. What happens if a taxpayer fails to file on time? The consequences could include penalties and interest, as well as limits on the ability to obtain relief if they cannot afford to pay their tax bill.

What Are the Tax Deadlines?

Federal income tax returns are due on April 15 of each year. If the 15th falls on a Saturday, Sunday, or federal holiday, the due date is the next business day. California has the same deadline for state income tax returns.

Taxpayers may be able to obtain an extension of up to six months to file their federal tax return. This typically requires filing an extension form, and paying their estimated tax owed, prior to the April deadline.
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The IRS Expands the Availability of Waivers for Underpayment Penalties

Published on: July 15, 2019 | by Enterprise Consultants Group

Our tax system requires most taxpayers to make regular payments to the IRS throughout the year. The tax return that is due to the IRS every April 15 shows the final amount of tax owed for the year, as well as the amount of tax already paid by, or on behalf of, the taxpayer. If the amount paid is less than the amount owed, the taxpayer could be liable for underpayment penalties. In January 2019, the IRS announced that it was expanding eligibility for waivers of underpayment penalties. Taxpayers who paid at least eighty-five percent of their final tax bill can have their entire underpayment penalty waived.

Ongoing Tax Payments

Federal income tax is a “pay-as-you-go” system. Taxpayers must pay tax on the income they earn as they earn it. Payments are due every quarter.

Employers can withhold taxes from their employees’ paychecks. The amount of withholding is based on information provided by each employee on Form W-4. Every quarter, employers must remit all amounts withheld from payroll.
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